一、先秦至秦汉：货币起源与制度奠基
1. 天然货币与早期铸币 贝壳币：中国最早的货币形式之一，取材自然，形制多样，承载远古贸易记忆，是研究早期商品交换的珍贵实物。
2. 尧币（传说品类）：若为后世仿铸或地方性货币，其形制古朴，或反映上古时期部落经济交流的痕迹，具历史想象空间。
3. 羊两（或为“两甾”“两铢”之误）：形制轻小，可能为战国至秦汉过渡期货币，体现早期减重铸币的特征。
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秦汉五铢体系
1. 五铢：汉代通行五百余年的标准货币，钱文端庄，形制规整，开启“铢两制”货币体系，影响深远。
2. 当两五铢：厚重超值，属特殊时期（如王莽改制或东汉晚期）的虚值大钱，反映经济调控与货币贬值的历史背景。
3. 长字五铢：钱文修长，笔画纤细，为西汉晚期特殊版式，存世稀少，具研究价值。
4. 公式五铢：东汉官方标准铸币，钱背有周郭，体现铸币规范化进程，是汉代经济制度的实物见证。
5. 凿边五铢：通过物理分割实现小额支付，反映民间经济活动的灵活性与通货膨胀背景下的货币减重现象。
6. 董卓无文：东汉末年劣币，钱体轻薄无文，象征经济崩溃与货币体系的瓦解，具历史警示意义。
7. 磨廓五铢（或“磨缘五铢”）：通过打磨钱缘减重，属民间私铸或官方“缩水”行为，反映经济动荡时期的货币乱象。
8. 无文小钱：东汉晚期私铸劣币，钱文模糊或无文，材质粗糙，体现底层经济活动的无奈与混乱。
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特殊品类
1. 贷泉（或为“大泉五十”之误）：王莽新朝虚值大钱，钱文悬针篆精妙，反映汉代书法艺术与货币改革的碰撞，是研究新莽经济政策的重要实物。
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宋代年号钱
1. 淳化元宝：宋太宗首创年号钱，钱文真、行、草三体同模，展现宋代书法艺术与货币制度的结合，具美学与历史双重价值。
2. 至道元宝：延续三体书风，钱文流畅自然，背星月纹常见，反映宋代宗教信仰与货币文化的融合。
3. 祥符元宝：宋真宗祥符年间铸币，钱文端庄秀丽，背星月纹或光背，体现宋代货币的祥瑞文化。
4. 熙宁元宝/重宝：宋神宗熙宁年间货币，重宝为折二钱，钱文厚重，反映王安石变法时期的经济政策与货币需求。
5. 元丰通宝：背月纹、合背等版式丰富，钱文遒劲，体现宋代铸币工艺的精细化与书法艺术的传承。
6. 元祐通宝：宋哲宗元祐年间铸币，钱文规整，背星月纹常见，反映宋代货币制度的稳定性。
7. 绍圣元宝：宋哲宗绍圣年间货币，版式多样，钱文秀丽，体现宋代铸币的审美追求。
8. 元符通宝：宋哲宗元符年间铸币，钱文端庄，背星月纹或光背，反映宋代货币文化的成熟。
9. 圣宋元宝：宋徽宗建中靖国年间铸币，非年号钱，钱文篆、行对钱，体现宋代对钱制度的创新。
10. 政和通宝：宋徽宗政和年间铸币，钱文瘦金体遒劲有力，背星月纹或光背，展现宋代书法艺术的巅峰。
11. 宣和通宝：延续瘦金体风格，钱文精致，背星月纹常见，反映宋代货币文化的精致化与艺术化。
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特殊品类
1. 景兴通宝（越南古币）：越南后黎朝货币，钱文楷书端庄，形制与宋代年号钱相似，体现中华文化对东南亚货币体系的深远影响。
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特殊品类
1. 大清龙币（或为“大清铜币”“大清银币”之误）：清代机制币代表，龙纹威严，钱文规整，体现清代皇家象征与货币艺术的结合，是研究近代机制币的重要实物。
2. 双旗铜元：民国初期铸币，双旗图案象征共和，钱文规整，反映近代中国货币制度从传统向现代的转型。
3. 云南一毫：清代云南省铸辅币，钱文楷书，形制小巧，体现地方铸币的特色与边疆经济的需求。
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宣统元宝系列
1. 宣统三年大清银币：长须龙、短须龙、反龙、大尾龙等版式稀有，龙纹设计精美，钱文规整，体现清代铸币工艺的巅峰与货币制度的近代化尝试。
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特殊品类
1. 光绪元宝库平一两（天津造币总厂）：试铸样币，未正式流通，龙纹精细，钱文遒劲，反映清代对“两制”银币的探索与国际接轨的尝试。
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孙中山像系列
1. 孙小头开国纪念币：人像端庄，嘉禾纹环绕，背英文“MEMENTO”与“BIRTH OF REPUBLIC OF CHINA”，体现民国建立初期的货币象征与国家认同。
2. 孙中山帆船币（民国二十二年、二十三年）：双帆图案寓意深远，钱文规整，反映民国时期对国家富强与海洋文明的期望。
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地方军阀系列
1. 黎元洪光头开国纪念币：人像光头半身，嘉禾纹环绕，背英文“ONE DOLLAR”，体现民国初期军阀割据与货币多元化的历史背景。
2. 徐世昌仁寿同堂纪念币：殿堂图案精美，钱文规整，背“仁寿同堂”字样，反映北洋军阀时期的政治文化与铸币特色。
二、隋唐至宋元：货币文化的繁荣与多元
1. 唐代开元通宝 开元通宝：唐代通行货币，钱文由欧阳询题写，开启“通宝”体系，背星月纹、合背等版式丰富，体现唐代铸币工艺的多样化与书法艺术的融入。
三、明清时期：货币制度的统一与近代化
1. 清代年号钱 康熙通宝：满汉文对照，钱文规整，背满文局名丰富，体现清代多民族国家的货币统一与铸币工艺的标准化。
2. 乾隆通宝：延续康熙钱制，钱文秀丽，背满文局名常见，反映清代经济繁荣与货币制度的成熟。
3. 嘉庆通宝：钱文端庄，背满文局名或星月纹，体现清代货币制度的稳定性与文化传承。
4. 道光通宝：钱文略显瘦弱，背满文局名常见，反映清代中期经济衰退与货币减重的历史背景。
5. 成丰通宝（或为“咸丰通宝”之误）：因太平天国运动导致财政危机，咸丰钱版式复杂，大钱、铁钱、铅钱并行，反映清代货币制度的混乱与变革。
6. 光绪通宝：机制钱与翻砂钱并存，钱文规整，背星月纹或满文局名，体现清代近代化铸币的尝试与过渡。
银元大系精品推荐（53枚）
——以时代为序，展现中国近代银元的风云变幻
一、清代银元：龙纹的象征与工艺的巅峰
1. 光绪元宝系列 北洋造光绪元宝：龙纹大气深峻，版式多样（如25年、26年、29年等），反映北洋军阀时期的铸币风格与经济需求。
2. 江南造光绪元宝：版式丰富，如“老江南”“庚子龙”“己亥龙”等，龙纹细腻，钱文规整，体现江南地区铸币工艺的精细与地域特色。
3. 湖北省造光绪元宝：龙纹威严，钱文端庄，背英文“HUBEI PROVINCE”，反映清代地方铸币的国际化尝试。
4. 广东省造光绪元宝：首创“七三反版”（钱文英文置前），后改为“七二反版”，龙纹精美，体现清代铸币工艺的创新与探索。
二、民国银元：人像与共和的象征
1. 袁世凯像系列 袁大头三年、八年、九年、十年：人像刻画细腻，嘉禾纹饱满，版式多样（如三年O版、九年精发等），体现民国初期货币制度的统一与铸币工艺的成熟。
2. 袁世凯洪宪纪元飞龙币：飞龙图案威严，纪念袁世凯称帝，存世稀少，反映民国初期的政治动荡与货币文化的特殊性。
三、特殊银元：历史与艺术的结晶
1. 站洋银元（英国贸易银元）：正面为不列颠尼亚女神站立像，背面中文“壹圆”与英文“ONE DOLLAR”，集东西方文化于一体，反映近代中外贸易与货币流通的历史。
2. 坐洋银元（法国贸易银元）：正面为自由女神坐像，背面麦穗环绕，体现法国在东南亚的殖民统治与货币文化输出。
3. 苏维埃银元：中华苏维埃共和国铸币，镰刀斧头图案鲜明，钱文规整，反映革命根据地的货币特色与政治理想。
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Recommended Classic Coins
——Using historical context as the axis, showcasing the magnificence of Chinese monetary culture
1、 Pre Qin to Qin Han: The Origin of Currency and the Foundation of Institutions
Natural Currency and Early Coinage
Shell coin: One of the earliest forms of currency in China, it is made from natural materials, has various shapes, carries ancient trade memories, and is a precious physical object for studying early commodity exchanges.
Yao Coin (Legendary Category): If it is a later imitation or local currency, its shape is ancient and reflects traces of tribal economic exchanges in ancient times, with historical imagination space.
Yangliang (also known as "two steroids" or "two zhu"): light and small in shape, possibly a transitional currency from the Warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties, reflecting the characteristics of early weight reduction coinage.
The Five Zhu System of Qin and Han Dynasties
Wuzhu: A standard currency that was in circulation for over 500 years during the Han Dynasty. The currency was dignified in writing and had a regular shape, opening up the "two systems of Zhu" currency system and having a profound impact.
When two and five baht: heavy and valuable, belonging to a special period (such as Wang Mang's restructuring or the late Eastern Han Dynasty) of virtual value big money, reflecting the historical background of economic regulation and currency depreciation.
Longzi Wuzhu: Qian Wen is slender and has fine strokes, which is a special layout of the late Western Han Dynasty. It is rare in existence and has research value.
Formula Five Zhu: The official standard coinage of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with Zhou Guo on the back of the coin, reflects the standardization process of coinage and is a physical witness to the economic system of the Han Dynasty.
Chisel the Edge Five Zhu: By physically dividing to achieve small payments, it reflects the flexibility of private economic activities and the phenomenon of currency weight reduction under the background of inflation.
Dong Zhuo Wuwen: Poor coins in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, with thin and plain body, symbolize the collapse of the economy and the currency system, and have historical warning significance.
Mokuo Wuzhu (or "Moyuan Wuzhu"): It is a private minting or official "shrinkage" behavior that reflects the currency chaos during periods of economic turmoil by reducing weight through polishing the coin's edge.
Unwritten small coins: privately minted inferior coins in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, with vague or unmarked inscriptions and rough materials, reflecting the helplessness and chaos of grassroots economic activities.
Special Category
Dai Quan (or the error of "Da Quan Fifty"): Wang Mang's New Dynasty falsely valued large amounts of money, and his exquisite calligraphy and seal script reflect the collision between Han Dynasty calligraphy art and monetary reform. It is an important physical object for studying the economic policies of New Mang.
2、 Sui Tang to Song Yuan: The Prosperity and Diversification of Monetary Culture
Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan Tongbao
Kaiyuan Tongbao: The currency of the Tang Dynasty was commonly used, and the inscriptions on the coins were written by Ouyang Xun, opening up the "Tongbao" system. The back of the coins features a variety of patterns such as stars and moon, and the combination of back and back, reflecting the diversity of Tang Dynasty coinage techniques and the integration of calligraphy art.
Song Dynasty era name money
Chunhua Yuanbao: Emperor Taizong of Song pioneered the era name coin, which is modeled after Qian Wenzhen, Xing, and Cao. It showcases the combination of calligraphy art and monetary system in the Song Dynasty, and has dual aesthetic and historical value.
Zhidao Yuanbao: Continuing the style of the Three Body Book, the inscriptions on the coins are smooth and natural, with common patterns of stars and moon on the back, reflecting the integration of religious beliefs and monetary culture in the Song Dynasty.
Xiangfu Yuanbao: During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, Xiangfu coins were minted with dignified and beautiful inscriptions, featuring stars and moon patterns or a shiny back, reflecting the auspicious culture of Song currency.
Xining Yuanbao/Zhongbao: Currency during the Xining period of Emperor Shenzong of Song. The Zhongbao is equivalent to two taels of silver, with thick inscriptions that reflect the economic policies and currency demand during Wang Anshi's reform period.
Yuanfeng Tongbao: Rich in patterns such as back moon patterns and combined backs, with powerful inscriptions, reflecting the refinement of coinage craftsmanship and the inheritance of calligraphy art in the Song Dynasty.
Yuanyou Tongbao: During the Yuanyou reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song Dynasty, coins were minted with regular inscriptions and common patterns of stars and moon on the back, reflecting the stability of the Song Dynasty's monetary system.
Shao Sheng Yuanbao: Currency from the Shao Sheng period of Emperor Zhezong of Song Dynasty, with diverse formats and beautiful inscriptions, reflecting the aesthetic pursuit of Song Dynasty coinage.
Yuanfu Tongbao: During the Yuanfu period of Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty, coins were minted with dignified inscriptions and back patterns of stars and moon or light, reflecting the maturity of the Song Dynasty's monetary culture.
Sheng Song Yuanbao: During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, the coins were minted with non era name coins, with inscriptions and seal script on the coins, reflecting the innovation of the Song Dynasty's currency system.
Zhenghe Tongbao: During the Zhenghe reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, coins were minted with thin and strong gold characters, featuring star and moon patterns or light backs, showcasing the pinnacle of calligraphy art in the Song Dynasty.
Xuanhe Tongbao: Continuing the style of thin gold, the inscriptions on the coins are exquisite, with common patterns of stars and moon on the back, reflecting the refinement and artistry of Song Dynasty currency culture.
Special Category
Jingxing Tongbao (Vietnamese ancient currency): The currency of the Later Le Dynasty in Vietnam, with dignified script and regular script, is similar in shape to the Song Dynasty era coin, reflecting the profound influence of Chinese culture on the Southeast Asian currency system.
3、 Ming and Qing Dynasties: Unification and Modernization of Monetary System
Qing Dynasty era coins
Kangxi Tongbao: Comparing Manchu and Han scripts, with regular inscriptions on coins and rich names of Manchu script bureaus, reflecting the currency unity and standardization of coinage techniques in multi-ethnic countries during the Qing Dynasty.
Qianlong Tongbao: Continuing the Kangxi currency system, the coins are elegant and often bear the names of Manchu script bureaus, reflecting the economic prosperity and maturity of the monetary system in the Qing Dynasty.
Jiaqing Tongbao: Qian Wen is dignified and carries the name of the Manchu bureau or the pattern of stars and moon, reflecting the stability and cultural inheritance of the Qing Dynasty's monetary system.
Daoguang Tongbao: Qian Wen appears slightly thin and weak, and it is common for him to carry the name of a literary bureau, reflecting the historical background of economic recession and currency devaluation in the mid Qing Dynasty.
Chengfeng Tongbao (or the error of "Xianfeng Tongbao"): Due to the financial crisis caused by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, the format of Xianfeng coins was complex, with large coins, iron coins, and lead coins running parallel, reflecting the chaos and reform of the Qing Dynasty's monetary system.
Guangxu Tongbao: Mechanized coins and sand coins coexist, with neat inscriptions and the back of star and moon patterns or Manchu bureau names, reflecting the attempt and transition of modern coinage in the Qing Dynasty.
Special Category
Qing Dynasty Dragon Coin (also known as "Qing Dynasty Copper Coin" or "Qing Dynasty Silver Coin"): a representative of Qing Dynasty mechanism coins, with majestic dragon patterns and orderly inscriptions, reflecting the combination of royal symbolism and monetary art in the Qing Dynasty. It is an important physical object for studying modern mechanism coins.
Double flag copper coins: minted in the early Republic of China, the double flag pattern symbolizes the republic, and the inscriptions on the coins are neat, reflecting the transformation of China's monetary system from tradition to modernity in modern times.
Yunnan Yihao: During the Qing Dynasty, Yunnan Province minted auxiliary coins in regular script with small and compact shapes, reflecting the characteristics of local coinage and the needs of border economy.
Recommended Silver Dollar Boutique (53 pieces)
——In chronological order, showcasing the turbulent changes of modern Chinese silver dollars
1、 Qing Dynasty Silver Dollar: The Symbol of Dragon Pattern and the Peak of Craftsmanship
Guangxu Yuanbao Series
Beiyang made Guangxu Yuanbao: The dragon pattern is grand and deep, with diverse formats (such as 25th, 26th, 29th, etc.), reflecting the coinage style and economic needs of the Beiyang warlord period.
Jiangnan made Guangxu Yuanbao: Rich in layout, such as "Old Jiangnan", "Gengzi Dragon", "Jihai Dragon", etc., with delicate dragon patterns and orderly inscriptions, reflecting the fine coinage craftsmanship and regional characteristics of the Jiangnan region.
Hubei Province's Guangxu Yuanbao: with majestic dragon patterns and dignified inscriptions, with the English word "HUBEI PROVINCE" on the back, reflecting the internationalization attempt of local coinage in the Qing Dynasty.
Guangdong Province produces Guangxu Yuanbao: pioneering the "73 reverse version" (Qian Wen English placed first), later changed to the "72 reverse version", with exquisite dragon patterns, reflecting the innovation and exploration of Qing Dynasty coinage technology.
Xuantong Yuanbao Series
In the third year of Xuantong reign, the Qing Dynasty silver coins featured rare patterns such as long bearded dragon, short bearded dragon, anti dragon, and large tailed dragon. The dragon pattern design was exquisite, and the inscriptions were neat, reflecting the pinnacle of Qing Dynasty coinage technology and the modernization of the currency system.
Special Category
Guangxu Yuanbao Ku Ping 1 2 (Tianjin Mint): Trial minted sample coins, not officially circulated, with fine dragon patterns and strong inscriptions, reflecting the Qing Dynasty's exploration of the "two systems" silver coins and its attempt to align with international standards.
2、 Republic of China silver dollar: a symbol of portrait and republic
Yuan Shikai Statue Series
In the third, eighth, ninth, and tenth years of Yuan Datou's reign, the portrait is delicately depicted, the Jiahe pattern is full, and the layout is diverse (such as the third year O-version, the ninth year Jingfa, etc.), reflecting the unity of the monetary system and the maturity of coinage technology in the early Republic of China.
Yuan Shikai Hongxian Era Flying Dragon Coin: The majestic flying dragon pattern commemorates Yuan Shikai's coronation as emperor and is rare in existence, reflecting the political turmoil and the special nature of monetary culture in the early Republic of China.
Sun Yat sen Statue Series
Sun Xiaotou's Founding Commemorative Coin: The portrait is dignified, surrounded by the grain of Jiahe, with the English words "MEMENTO" and "BIRTH OF REPUBLIC OF CHINA" on the back, reflecting the currency symbol and national identity of the early establishment of the Republic of China.
Sun Yat sen Sailing Coin (22nd and 23rd year of the Republic of China): The double sail pattern has profound meaning, and the inscriptions are neat, reflecting the expectations of the Republic of China for national prosperity and maritime civilization.
Local Warlord Series
Li Yuanhong's Bald Head Founding Commemorative Coin: Portrait of a bald half body, surrounded by a Jiahe pattern, with the English word "ONE DOLLAR" on the back, reflecting the historical background of warlord separatism and currency diversification in the early Republic of China.
Xu Shichang Renshou Tongtang Commemorative Coin: The hall design is exquisite, the inscriptions are neat, and the words "Renshou Tongtang" are engraved on the back, reflecting the political culture and coinage characteristics of the Beiyang Warlord period.
3、 Special Silver Dollar: The Crystal of History and Art
Zhan Yang Silver Dollar (British Trade Silver Dollar): The front features a standing statue of the Britannia goddess, while the back features the Chinese characters "One Yuan" and the English characters "ONE DOLLAR". It combines Eastern and Western cultures and reflects the history of modern Sino foreign trade and currency circulation.
Sitting Ocean Silver Dollar (French Trade Silver Dollar): The front features a seated statue of the Statue of Liberty, while the back is surrounded by wheat ears, reflecting France's colonial rule and monetary cultural export in Southeast Asia.
Soviet silver dollar: a coin minted by the Chinese Soviet Republic, featuring distinct sickle and axe patterns and neat inscriptions, reflecting the monetary characteristics and political ideals of revolutionary base areas.